Bus plan Essay

David Maggie Dave’s will sell quality sporting goods equipment for the entire family, primarily focused on and specializing in baseball and softball equipment, apparel and accessories from major manufacturers such as Easton, Louisville Slugger, Wilson, Worth, Mizuno, Miken, and under Armour This business will be operated by Owner David Maggio who will act as President and CEO. Mr. MaggloS High technology and sports background mixed with his entrepreneurial experience makes him the ideal leader to drive this sporting goods retail/internet endeavor. Realize an annual sales growth rate of 20% in years 2-5, reaching over $5 million in ales by the end of year 5. Improve gross margins from 25% to 35% by the end of year 5. Improve net margins by the end of year 5. Redesign and upgrade the Internet e-commerce store by the end of the first year. Increase website site traffic 50% and sales 20% in years 1-5 by investing in aggressive Web search optimization and marketing. Enhance the retail store location in the second half of year 1 by relocating the current store from its current location toa more prime location in the metropolitan area. Establish relationships with local nonprofit organizations, to help underprivileged children build confidence and self- stem through youth sports programs. Run the business as a family-run and – oriented business with emphasis on truth, integrity, quality relationships, fun, and giving back to the community. Mission Statement To become the sports equipment supplier of choice based on product expertise, price, quality, and level of service, by developing a long term relationship with our customers. Become the â€Å"family expert† for sporting goods equipment by treating customers like friends and family and by maintaining an experienced, knowledgeable, and caring staff that can help the customer make the right purchase or them, whether they are individuals outfitting their family, or coaches, athletic directors and league representatives supplying their teams. Keys to Success Negotiate optimal agreements with the major suppliers that allow us to improve margins, hold down costs, and maximize the control and turnover of our inventory. Implement a state-of-the-art, computerized inventory management system to improve inventory turnover and tracking. Create an outside sales team that calls on schools, leagues, and associations and is known for product expertise and top service. Train employees on product features and on how to provide family-oriented ales and customer support. Train an existing employee, or hire from outside, a store manager to cover for and be the backup for the Owner/President. Advertise and market in areas where our target customer base can learn about our retail and internet stores. Be an active member of the community by participating in nonprofit activities and by sponsoring local sports teams, leagues, and tournaments. Company Summary Dave’s will sells quality sporting goods equipment for the entire family, primarily accessories although we do sell a small amount of volleyball, basketball and football equipment. We will be starting off in a 7,400 square foot facility which houses the combined retail store, call center, office, and product warehouse. The retail store itself will be open Monday through Saturday from 9:00 am to 7:00 pm and is closed on Sunday. Orders are retrieved four to six times daily except on Sunday and the 800 call center number is staffed during retail store hours. The startup expenses include Legal Fees for services in regards to the purchase of the business such as the Letter of Intent, the Asset Purchase Agreement, due diligence activities, and the business organization. The Accounting fees are for services regarding the business evaluation and due diligence activities. Rent and insurance for the retail facility must be prepaid before the business takeover. Also listed are expenses related to the creation and production of this business plan. Start-up Requirements Start-up Expenses Rent $6,000 Insurance $2,000 Legal Fees $10,000 Business Plan production $100 Accounting Fees $1,000 Business Plan Software $200 Loan Closing Costs $20,000 other$l, Total Start-up Expenses $40,300 Products At Dave’s we will sell the latest and most popular brand sporting goods, accessories and apparel. The consumers will be properly educated when it comes to sizes, style, fit and what is designed for their particular use. The sporting goods of the sports that we will be carrying to start will be for Baseball, Softball, Basketball, Football, Hockey, and Lacrosse. The Products will be purchased from the top manufactures in the world such as Easton, Nike, Under Armour, and Bauer. All of our inventory will be in our computerized tracking system and that will allow us to monitor sales and stock daily from not only the store but the online website as well. The General list of products that initially will be sold are: Baseball and Softball Baseball Bats, Baseball Gloves, Batting Helmets, Batting Tees, Bases, Catcher’s Equipment, Bat Hangouts, Batting Gloves, Easy Toss Machine, Instant Screens/Nets, Hit-N-Stik, Equipment Bags, Hats, Training Aides, Sunglasses, Baseballs, Softballs, Shoes/Cleats, Umpire Equipment, Ball Buckets, Eye Black, Scorebooks, Pitching Machines, Backstop/Batting Cages, Ball Feeders, Protective Screens, Field Maintenance Equipment, Ankle/Knee Braces, Athletic Supporters, Sliding Shorts, Coaches’ Shorts, Coaching/Training Aids ; Videos, Wraps, Ice Packs, First Aid, Mouth/ Lip Guards, and Protective Aids. Uniform Pants, socks and belts. Basketball Basketballs, Basketball Systems/Hoops, Basketball Courts, Basketball Fencing, Scoreboards, The Latest Shoe models, Coaching/Training Aids ; Videos, Wraps, Ice Packs, First Aid, Mouth/Lip Guards, and Protective Aids. Football Footballs, Shoulder Pads, Knee Pads, Thigh Pads, Helmets, Gloves, and WristCoach, Coaching/Training Aids ; Videos, Wraps, Ice Packs, First Aid, Mouth/Lip Guards, and Protective Aids. Street/lce Hockey

A Visit to a Buddhist Temple

A visit to a Buddhist temple for a service is a chance for a new experience and to expand personal cultural horizons. I approached with an open mind on learning and experiencing what exactly the service had to offer. The service started at 9:30 and was very quiet. People just came in and knelt on the floor or sat in benched towards the back of the room. The front of the room was open and most people just went up and sat or knelt on the floor. There were some alters to a few gods. There were flowers, candles and incense burning at the front of the room. The service opened up with one and half hours of meditation.A time for reflection and prayer. At about 11:00 one of the monks went to the front and knelt facing the congregation. People sat up and faced him. The monk gave a long talk on the feelings of others and how we all should be considerate of those feelings. He spoke on the source of strength as the time one spends in meditation. He spoke for nearly an hour. (Brooke). Then severa l monks began chanting and coming from the back of the temple and marched to the front – others from the congregation began to join them. They were carrying various flowers, vegetables and incense burners.Some were also carrying incense which was not burning yet. hey replaced the older flowers with fresh and put food around the alter. They also put out more incense. When finished people began leaving. That was the entire service lasted about three hours. The people are very reflective on how they impact those around them. It was nice to see how other cultures worship. I was glad to take part and visit this new world. Bibliography Brooke, Cynthia. â€Å"Heartland Sangha: American Buddhism. † Heartland Sangha: What is they do? 1. 108 Aug 2001 1. 19 Feb 2009 .

Modern Orthodox Judaism

Judaism (from the Latin Iudaismus, derived from the Greek Ioudaismos, and ultimately from the Hebrew , Yehudah, â€Å"Judah†;[1][2] in Hebrew: , Yahadut, the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos)[3] is the religion, philosophy and way of life of the Jewish people. [4] A monotheistic religion originating in the Hebrew Bible (also known as the Tanakh) and explored in later texts such as the Talmud, Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship God established with the Children of Israel. 5] Rabbinic Judaism holds that God revealed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of both the Written and Oral Torah. [6] Historically, this assertion was challenged by various groups such as the Sadducees and Hellenistic Judaism during the Second Temple period; the Karaites and Sabbateans during the early and later medieval period;[7] and among segments of the modern reform movements. Liberal movements in modern times such as Humanistic Judaism may be nontheistic. 8] Judaism claims a historical continuity spanning more than 3,000 years. Of the major world religions, Judaism is considered one of the oldest monotheistic religions. [9][10] The Hebrews / Israelites were already referred to as â€Å"Jews† in later books of the Tanakh such as the Book of Esther, with the term Jews replacing the title â€Å"Children of Israel†. [11] Judaism's texts, traditions and values strongly influenced later Abrahamic religions, including Christianity, Islam and the Baha'i Faith. 12][13] Many aspects of Judaism have also directly or indirectly influenced secular Western ethics and civil law. [14] Jews are an ethnoreligious group[15] and include those born Jewish and converts to Judaism. In 2010, the world Jewish population was estimated at 13. 4 million, or roughly 0. 2% of the total world population. About 42% of all Jews reside in Israel and about 42% reside in the United States and Canada, w ith most of the remainder living in Europe. 16] The largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism (Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism), Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism. A major source of difference between these groups is their approach to Jewish law. [17] Orthodox Judaism maintains that the Torah and Jewish law are divine in origin, eternal and unalterable, and that they should be strictly followed. Conservative and Reform Judaism are more liberal, with Conservative Judaism generally promoting a more â€Å"traditional† interpretation ofJudaism's requirements than Reform Judaism. A typical Reform position is that Jewish law should be viewed as a set of general guidelines rather than as a set of restrictions and obligations whose observance is required of all Jews. [18][19] Historically, special courts enforced Jewish law; today, these courts still exist but the practice of Judaism is mostly voluntary. [20] Authority on theological and legal matters i s not vested in any one person or organization, but in the sacred texts and rabbis and scholars who interpret them. [21]

Why I Am Not Going to Buy a Computer by Wendell Berry Essay

Why I Am Not Going to Buy a Computer by Wendell Berry - Essay Example As a writer, I would have to sacrifice an association that I am dependent upon and that I treasure.† However, people should not reject the new technology to use the less advanced typewriters and pencils. The current and future work-related opportunities depend on computers. The chart for â€Å"Projected STEM Job Growth 2010-2020† indicates a seventy percent increase in the jobs that will require advanced technology. People will need skills in more advanced technologies than the pencils and typewriters to work in the computer industry. For example, it will be necessary for the prospective workforce to know how to use the advanced technology to execute different tasks. In addition to the job prospects in the computer industry, the contemporary world uses computers in every aspect of life, and people of different age brackets utilize the current technology. The chart for â€Å"Daily Computer Use by Age Group† shows us that the use of new technology has increased by t wenty-five percent across all age groups. For instance, people use the modern technology such as the instant messaging service and Skype to communicate with their peers in different localities. Thus, the high use of computers indicates that the typewriters and pencils are less helpful in the current and future world.  

Introduction to Creativity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Introduction to Creativity - Essay Example The synthetic skill is essential for it allows an individual to look at problems in a different perspective and evade the shortcomings of conventional thinking. In fact, synthetic skill broadens an individual’s thinking ability to see solution to issue that seem to be difficult to handle.   The other important intellectual skill is the practical skill. Practical-contextual skill enables an individual to know how to convince others of the value of an idea (Sternberg, Kaufman & Grigorenko, 2009). The three components of intellectual skills are dependent on each other and for intellectual skills to contribute to creativity; the three must work in unison.For creativity to exists, one must have sound knowledge on the field of exploration (Sternberg & Mio, 2009). It is impossible for one to move beyond a challenge if one is ignorant of its existence. However, knowledge about something may result in a closed or entrenched standpoint, making it hard for an individual to think beyond his/her past view of problems. Therefore, knowledge can promote or hamper creativity. However, knowledge is very crucial component of creativity and need to be evident for one to develop creative ideas.A number of research investigations have pointed out personality as another important element of creativity (Sternberg, 2004). Personality entails the willingness to overcome challenges, willingness to take risk, readiness to put up with ambiguity, efficiency among other issues. In fact, for one to display creativity he/ she must be willing to defy the crowd and purse the idea in mind. Criticism allows an individual to think beyond the challenge at hand. People who never give room for criticism.

All the Light we cannot see Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

All the Light we cannot see - Research Paper Example As a matter of fact, that as the essential reason why the then global leaders saw it suitable to establish the League of Nations, which has developed into the United Nations Organization. In his novel titled All the Light We Cannot See, distinguished American author and literature fanatic Anthony Doerr uses the book’s setting to open the eyes of the World to some of the unfortunate events that took place during the World War. Doerr employs various literary charms such as characterization and tone, to demonstrate the devastating consequences of war and the approaches an individual can employ to bring the best out of the situation amidst the myriad of challenges (Anthony Doerr Book Website). This research paper therefore aims to provide further insight on how Anthony Doerr has employed setting, plot and tone to take us through one of the darkest periods in World history; World War Two. Literary scholars have overtime reaffirmed the fact that the setting of any work of art is important, particularly because it plays a significant role in determining whether the author is successful in driving his or her message home. All the light we cannot see is set in both France and Germany with several events taking place between 1930s and 1940s. Whereas the events in Germany revolve around the life of Warner Pfenning and his sister Jutta who are both orphaned, it is imperative to note that the Doerr is in essence trying to shed more light on the Nazi culture, and some of the principles they cohere to so profoundly. At the same time, the decision of the author to focus Marie-Laure’s undertakings in the city of Paris is essentially aimed at helping the vast audience make sense of the cultures and beliefs of the French in the period leading to and after World War Two. Going through the text, it is apparent that the setting within which all the lights we cannot see is documented is in line with the historical events of the

Multistep reserach Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multistep reserach - Research Paper Example At the same time, burning it pollutes the environment as well. The objective of this paper is to discuss various forms of transport and their impacts to the society. Transport is a primary contributor to the process of industrialization. It facilitates the movement of raw materials to manufacturers, and processed products to potential buyers. It also assists in the creation of employment opportunities, for instance, it employs drivers and pilots (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 90). Thus, enhances standards of living. Transport networks and mechanisms assist greatly during emergencies and natural calamities. They provide a means through which people and property can be moved from volatile to safer areas. Air transport involves the use of planes, choppers, and air balloons. It is the most efficient means of transport when it comes to business connectivity and efficiency. It is also reliable for leisure since it offers an aerial view for diverse views and is quite fast. Reliable air transportation facilitates international tourism and faster transportation of goods, particularly perishable goods, more than any other means. Thus, it is an important instrument for economic growth. It is a fundamental instrument of globalization. This is because, it has a high capacity for enhancing integration of political, economic, social and cultural activities at an international level. It is the most expensive mode of transport, and therefore, often reserved for affluent travelers (Daley 1). In the occurrence of natural calamities air transport is usually the most convenient mode of movement of goods and people. Air transport is often affected by adverse weather conditions and is quite uneconomical for short distance movement. In terms of security, air transport accidents are usually the harshest as it normally leads to massive damage of goods and loss of life.

Supply Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply Performance - Essay Example A lot of cooperation among various departments, suppliers and customers helps in achieving the desired performance level (Case Study). It is very crucial to manage the procurement internally to avoid huge stock of unused material and final products. Optimisation can be realised only through integrated management of supply side. Other than supply of final products, supply of information not only within the company but all members of the supply chain are equally crucial in attaining required performance as production and distribution demands an integrated approach in decision making on stock maintenance and price determination (Kannegiesser et al. 2007). Environment at the retail operations of CUERO Ltd. was not conducive. The workforce at retail stores was at logger heads with marketing staff because they were not informed about the decisions taken at the marketing end. There was no procedure to share information between retail and marketing department. Lack of information of companyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s day-to-day functions generated a feeling of left cornered by the retail staff at 60 sites of the company. They were always unaware of the happenings on sales front about the likings of customers. As a result retail employees were unable to secure replenishment of such shoes that were in great demand and needed sufficient stock to offer at their retail outlets. Although most of the retail shops were performing above satisfactory level but some retail shops were running in deficit. Huge purchases were being procured from sources outside the UK. Such things were not publicized that the company has outsourced manufacturing or buying from other sources and branding them as its own (Case Study). The Supply chain at the promotions division, Imberholme, made direct sales of shoes manufactured at the Pacific Rim and shifted to a central stock keeping location at Imberholme in the South of England. Such promotion sales were priced on the market prevalent competitive rates, delivered only for large quantities on strict terms and conditions regarding order cancellation, payment, pricing and not compensating the supplier for such orders that were not trendy enough. This behaviour was due to abundance of suppliers, which was a reason of profit generation as well but the company suffered on other counts as quality of end products was compromising, delivery was delayed, required order quantities were not delivered and customers were not happy (Case Study). Causes of business success were attributed to reduction in prices and punctuality in operations. At the warehouse end, things worked properly but there was no management on returned products; replacements were shipped free of cost resulting in difference between the cost of providing the replacement facility. Information exchange between Imberholme and the factory locations was negligible and the management was least worrisome on the working conditions at the supply side (Case Study). Thus, it can be derived from t hat in stead of following a set of approaches to effectively integrate supply, manufacturing, warehousing and customers to produce exact quantity and supply to the desired destination and at the exact time to reduce costs, the CUERO Ltd. was doing the reverse at Imberholme. Good thing was that all shops were located at commercially viable locations where sales realisation was easy besides a number of accessories were also supplied in company shops such as leather handbags,

A literary analysis of two poems by Donne namely The Flea and The Sun Essay

A literary analysis of two poems by Donne namely The Flea and The Sun Rising - Essay Example Donne is acknowledged as a love poet, but this poem deals with love in an incongruous way given the fact that the speaker does not attach any importance to some preexisting relationship or chemistry with the woman he is attracted to. Instead he uses â€Å"the flea’s activity as an excuse for conjugal relations† (Brackett 179). He does not care to invest time in building a foundation before he approaches his love. All the romantic suspense in one’s exploration of the other person leading to bigger events is omitted and emphasis is laid on the speaker’s sexual desires. Donne’s take on love in this poem marked by complexity of thought and strange imagery leaves the readers amused and impressed even though it is playful and absurd. The speaker in the poem never considers the woman’s objections and simply reacts to them making her come across as a fool in denial. Then more dirt is splashed on the woman in the concluding lines of second stanza wher e he writes, â€Å"Let not to this, selfe murder added bee / And sacrilege, three sinnes in killing three† (17-18) and is seen equating killing the flea to sins like suicide, murder, and sacrilege. The approach to love, if there is any, is first quite imaginative given how the speaker uses a simple flea to lay out an entire framework. Then, this approach takes on a deep irrational hue. Finally, all passion is forgotten when Donne uses imagery of the flea’s blood and writes, â€Å"Cruel and sodaine, hast thou since / Purpled thy nail in blood of innocence† (19-20).... The approach to love, if there is any, is first quite imaginative given how the speaker uses a simple flea to lay out an entire framework. Then, this approach takes on a deep irrational hue. Finally, all passion is forgotten when Donne uses imagery of the flea’s blood and writes, â€Å"Cruel and sodaine, hast thou since / Purpled thy nail in blood of innocence† (19-20). Here, he is seen handling resentment stemming from thwarted desires. It is style like this which makes one appreciate how Donne, as chief of the metaphysical poets, is mesmerizingly capable of handling love in all its aspects even when dissatisfied desires leave behind deep wounds of bitterness as in case of the poem under consideration. The speaker’s argument is laden with sexual innuendos. Even the movement within the poem mirrors the act of lovemaking considering the argument which is contemplative in first stanza, then picks momentum reaching climax in second stanza, and finally culminates wit h the sudden unexpected death of the flea. In contrast to other poems like â€Å"The Sun Rising† in which the poet appears hopelessly in love, this poem is more concerned with lustful desires yearning to be fulfilled. According to the argument in this poem, the act of sex is nothing more than mingling of fluids and a history of romance is not necessary. But when the word â€Å"little† (2) is used by the poet, it is not meant that he does not consider the act of lovemaking important. Rather, it is only a way of convincing his love that engaging in sex would not really be a gigantic sin (Brackett 179). In the Renaissance period, the concept of sex was really confined to mixing of the blood which according to the poet has already happened when he writes, â€Å"And in this flea our two bloods mingled bee;†

Security analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Security analysis - Essay Example fund managers from the United Kingdom have made efforts to invest in China since its economic growth rate is significantly higher compared to other countries in the world. It is imperative to note that investment fund managers are driven by the potential rate of return from a given region, and this is the motivating factor for choosing an investment destination. One of the advantages of investing in China is the magnitude presented in the potential of its market. Foreign ventures and businesses set up investments in order to serve a local market. The market size and growth rate opportunities are some of the key factors in the determination of an investment destination. Essentially, investors target unexploited markets that are of a significant size with potential for growth. Therefore, countries that have large markets and growth potential are viable investment destinations. The Chinese population of over one billion people offers a large market for any industrial products (Malkiel et al., 2010). In fact, the huge population has a great consumption potential that can be harnessed for business gain. In the recent past, the purchasing power of the Chinese population has also increased significantly, scaling up the uptake of goods and services. Therefore, the large population of the Chinese region attracts fund managers to invest in the region due to the potentially huge market that population offers. Imperatively, China is a prime location for any investor to pump financial resources into as the prospect of getting a market for the goods and services produced is high. The infrastructural development of a region has an influence on the economic growth of the place. The availability of roads, waterways and other forms of transport is a critical consideration in the evaluation of an investment destination. The Chinese administration has made significant investments in the transport infrastructure. In fact, popular investment destinations in China such as Beijing,

Ethics and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ethics and Business - Essay Example According to its simplest definition, business ethics refers to the practice of differentiating what is right and what is wrong. Everyday, businesses find themselves faced with decisions, which make a strong impact on the lives of the stakeholders of the company. Important here to note is that stakeholders just not only include the â€Å"employees, customers, investors, debtors, shareholders, suppliers, distributors and competitors† (Wicks, Freeman, Werhane, & Martin, pp. 85-86, 2009) of the company but they also go on to include the entire society or community with which they are working. There are various reasons why companies should care about ethics and ethical behavior at their organizations. First, gone are the days when business had great bargaining power and customers were only concerned with their products and services. Globalization and revolution in information technology have changed everything and customers are now more aware than ever. Furthermore, with increased competition, businesses now have no choice but to fulfill the needs of customers regarding the information that they want (Beauchamp, Bowie & Arnold, pp. 41-48, 2008). Thanks to the vigilant media, journalists, governmental agencies and other watchdogs, that any potential news about any irresponsibility, ignorance environmental protection, injustice to stakeholders and other forms of unethical conduct, sooner or later, reaches straight to the customers in flashes. In addition, when it does, customers have shown that they have the power to stage boycotts, protests and blacklist the company in the eyes of all customers. Therefore, it is in the best interests of the company and its stakeholders to ensure ethical conduct at all times (Henn, pp. 320-324, 2009). Second, when a company actually ensures ethical behavior with the insiders and outsiders, it acts as a vital source to motivate the employees. When employees know that they are indirectly working for a company, which is better th an other companies or the organization, is not harming other unlike others or it is working for a cause as well, employees listen to their inside voice which tells them to work harder to be a part of it (Henn, pp. 320-324, 2009). Companies, which have championed corporate social responsibility and ethical behavior, have had lesser employee turnover as compared to others. Furthermore, ethical companies are not only able to retain talent, but they also attract more talented and skilled people than others that allow them to have a greater pool of candidates (Wicks, Freeman, Werhane, & Martin, pp. 85-86, 2009). Third, marketing remains an important aspect of the business. Marketing ensures that company generates enough value for the customers to satisfy their needs and earn appropriate revenues. However, an important aspect of marketing is promotion of the product, in the absence of which the business has no reason to survive because if the customer does not know about the product in th e way in which the company desires then there is little no point in running the business (George, pp. 254-256, 2006). With the passage of time and especially over the past few decades, promotion is becoming an expensive and troublesome activity for various businesses. It is becoming impossible to reach the desired customers with traditional means of promotion. Customers have greater control over their telephones, emails, TV sets and others. Furthermo

Deafness and Fury Essay Example for Free

Deafness and Fury Essay If I were in their position I wouldnt know what to do, I think I would take into consideration all benefits and dangers of getting the implant before making a decision. Before I took this ASL class I didnt know anything about deaf culture. When you explained the difference between Deaf and deaf I realized that not every deaf person are alike. For instance, Heathers parents were both Deaf and they were very proud of who they were. They were both actively involved with their Deaf friends and family, and they felt most comfortable being around their â€Å"own kind†. Although Peter was very comfortable in his own skin, I felt like he was very close minded when it came to talking about the possibilities of Heather getting and implant. Even when they visited the family with the young girl that had the implant, he was very closed to the idea that one day her daughter could have the opportunity to be able to hear what goes around in the world. Peter and Nita were very surprised and somewhat disappointed when Heather told them she wanted to get the Cochlear implant because she really wanted to hear. Peter rejected the idea but I feel Mariche 2 that Nita was a little more open to it because she secretly wanted to somewhat be part of the hearing world. She also stated that she was open to the idea of the implant because she didnt want her daughter to go through all the tribulations that she went through when she was young. It also seemed that both Nita and Peter were rejecting the Cochlear, because they were afraid Heather would become too involved in the hearing world, that she would forget all about the deaf culture. There was a particular scene where Nita asks Heather if she still wanted the implant, and Heather ends up telling her that she didnt want the implant because her parents said she couldnt have one. I feel like it was wrong that the parents didnt let their daughter get the implant without really giving it thought,but they are proud of who they are so in the end it didnt matter. My opinion is that is was wrong of them to reject the Cochlear without letting the little girl make the decision for herself. Even though Heather was a little girl, it seemed to me that she really wanted to hear and the implant could of offer her many great opportunities. The movie also showed me that there are many things that separate the deaf world from the hearing world. One of the things that struck me the most is that in reality, many hearing individuals tend to feel â€Å"sorry† for deaf individuals, because they see deafness as a disability. For example, the couple with the twins expressed that they were devastated when they were informed that one of their twins was deaf. Even though deafness ran in their family they were still heartbroken because they saw the baby as disabled. Although I felt disappointed that they took their child’s deafness as a bad thing, they did point out some very interesting and somewhat truthful things. For example, being deaf in the hearing world can shut many doors for these individuals. Deaf people are often discriminated, misunderstood, and shut out of the hearing world. Although it is true that deaf individuals face many obstacles in their lives, Peter (and many others) showed us that a deaf person can be just as successful and any hearing person. When I was a waitress at a very popular restaurant, I remember that one of my regular clients Mariche 3 was a deaf man. He was very friendly and although I had a very hard time communicating with him, he was always patient and willing to try his best to communicate with me. When people saw that he was deaf and that his speech was very limited, many laughed and made really stupid and ignorant comments. To our surprise it turned out that he was a very successful businessman, so in reality he was definitely not a â€Å"handicap†. I definitely understand why the couple in the movie considered getting the Cochlear Implant for their child. I also have a 5 year old niece who is deaf, and although we have a really hard time communicating with her it seems to me that she actually likes the way she is. I think at her young age she embraces her deafness. Everyone is different and like in this movie everyone has to do what is best for THEIR family and what they felt most comfortable with. In conclusion, the movie gave us different perspectives of both the hearing world and deaf culture. One family showed us how proud they were of being deaf, and they refused to let their child get a hearing implant because they thought she would loose touch with deaf culture. The other family showed us that they saw deafness as a disability. They decided to let their child get the implant because they felt it was the best thing to do for him and his future. Although being deaf can bring many obstacles, families ultimately have to decide what ever is best for their lives.

The Effectiveness Of Diversion Programs For Offenders Criminology Essay

The Effectiveness Of Diversion Programs For Offenders Criminology Essay A criminal conviction does not necessarily mean that individuals will be subjected to jail or prison. In some cases, individuals are afforded the opportunity of attending a diversion program. Depending on the type of crime and the number of offenses, an individual could attend a diversion program with the permission of a judge. Diversion programs are designed to help certain offenders overcome their bad tendencies and drug and/or alcohol addictions. The one lingering question is do diversion programs really help offenders make the transition from prison to society and becoming a productive member of the society. With diversion programs, offenders are given the resources they need to work through their issues, problems, addictions, and the chances of those individuals committing another crime in the future may decrease. Concepts Non-violent crimes and recidivism First, think about the term non-violent. A non-violent crime usually means that no physical harm came to any individual. Though non-violent crimes can cause indirect harm to individuals for example, the Bernard Madoff incident did cause some suicides. One reported incident stated that an individual did commit suicide after losing all of the money to Madoff for it was a way to avoid bankruptcy. That is an example of how non-violent crimes can indirectly cause harm but on a different note those kind of incidents do not happen that often. The correctional plan for persons convicted of non-violent crimes must include an aggressive education plan. The education for a non-violent crime should fit the particular crime in which the individual was convicted of for instance, writing bad checks, substance abuse, or theft. Three strikes law and non-violent offenders The premise of the three strikes laws are best served for serious or violent crimes and the key word is convicted of a felony. In reality, there are gray areas when it comes to the three strikes law and non-violent crimes and offenders. For example, writing bad checks can get a person a jail sentence and if the third time a conviction is imposed on a individual they could face the three strikes law. Constant debate over non-violent crimes and whether a person should receive a life sentence for non-violent crimes. Adult diversion programs and 1st time offenders. A good combination for individuals who are willing and are eligible to participate in the program. These types of programs are meant for individuals who are only for misdemeanors such as worthless checks. Felony convictions can attend diversion programs but it would that written recommendations from the judge which would involve some serious commitment from the individual that they do want to be better. Theoretical considerations Alfred Alders Individual Psychology Social Learning Theory Kohlbergs Theory of Moral development Hypothesis Jail diversion programs may reduce the rates of recidivism because they provide non-violent offenders who are jailed for the first time treatment options, support groups, and overall the opportunity for a second chance. General approach Program evaluation of the jail diversion program for incarcerated individuals who may have substance abuse or mental illness issues. Jail Diversion programs provides court-based services to individuals who are eligible with psychiatric and co-occurring (mental illness and substance abuse) disorders who are arrested on minor or non-violent offenses. Â   Goals To know if jail diversion programs are effective in reducing recidivism. Literature Review Knight, L., Stephens, M. (2009). Mentally disordered offenders in prison: A tale of neglect? Retrieved from http://www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/Knight_Stephens_Mentally_Disordered_Offenders.pdf The article examines whether inmates who have a mental disorder should be considered as patients or prisoners. Prison system are meant for security and control but when it comes to the housing of inmates with mental disorders it is suggested that those particular inmates should be afforded the opportunity for better treatment within prison walls. The Mountbatten Report in 1966, following a series of escapes from high security prisons, led to greater emphasis on security and control (Knight Stephens, 2009). This upgrade in security left gaps in the system because mental ill inmates was disregarded and because of this it caused a reform in the way prisons treat or do not treat mentally ill inmates. Bottom line is that the mistreatment of mentally ill inmates caused human rights issues which prompted a few legislative measures to ensure they get proper treatment for their illnesses. Ashraf, H. (2003). US Supreme Court limits forced drugging of mentally ill before trail. Lancet, 361(9375), 2131. Academic Search Premier Database. The article goes on to explain that for the reason of standing court that mentally ill prisoners can take their prescribed medicine to stand trial. The issue arises for the case of mentally ill prisoners to stand trial for committing a non-violent crime. The article explains how the United States Supreme Court based a decision limiting the use of force drugs in order to make non-violent offenders competent for standing trials. LaFree, G., Erlanger, H. (2002). Too much democracy or too much crime: Lessons from Californias Three-Strikes Law. Law Social Inquiry, 27(4), 875. Academic Search Premier Database. The authors of this article go on explain the problems that were uncovered with some research done on democracy and the effects it has on crime. They also give a history of the Three Strikes Law and note how there needs to be a reform of it. One of the crucial finds of their study was that they were able to note that with the laws in place there was not a significant drop in the crime rate based on the Three Strikes Law. It was purposed that deterrence tactics were better suited in reducing crime. Akins, S., Smith, C., Mosher, C. (2010). Pathways to adult alcohol abuse across racial/ethnic groups: An application of general strain and social learning theories. Journal of Drug Issues, 40(2), 321-351. Retrieved from Academic Search Database. This article takes the three largest racial/ethnic groups in the United States of America and applies theories on why drugs and alcohol has different impacts on the number of users. The largest groups are Blacks, Whites, and Hispanics. The application of the Social Learning Theory and the General Strain Theory has different applications on users in these communities. Much of the article can lead to conclusions on why the pattern of drinking could lead to why there are many Blacks and Hispanics that occupy our prison systems. Steadman, H., Naples, M. (2005). Assessing the effectiveness of jail diversion programs for persons with serious mental issues and co-occurring substance use disorders. Behavioral Sciences The Law, 23(2), 163-170. Retrieved from doi:10.1002/bsl.640 The article explains how diversion programs help offenders with mental illness and/or substance abusing behaviors. The purpose of the article is to show that diversion programs can help as it was reported that monitored individuals were not committing crimes after their release from prison.

Culture of Hyatt Hotel Corporation

Culture of Hyatt Hotel Corporation The scope for the examination of behavior in organizations is very wide. There is a multiplicity of interrelated factors which influence the behavior and performance of people as members of a work organization. It is important to recognize the role of management as an integrating activity and as the cornerstone of organizational effectiveness. People and organizations need each other. The manager needs to understand the main influences on behavior in work organizations and the nature of the people organization relationship. (Laurie J Mullins, 2007). In this assignment I aim to analyse the working of Hyatt Hotel Corporation with reference to their cultural characteristics and how the company portrays itself. I also will analyse their emphasis on coaching their employees and the importance and effectiveness of the same. I will also discuss the tools Hyatt uses to motivate their employees and how it affects performance as well as the attrition rate of the company. Introduction to the company Hyatt Hotels and Resorts Hyatt was founded by Jay Pritzker in 1957 when he purchased the Hyatt House motel adjacent to the Los Angeles International Airport. Over the following decade, Jay Pritzker and his brother Donald Pritzker, working together with other Pritzker family business interests, grew the company into a North American management and hotel ownership company, which became a public company in 1962. In 1968, Hyatt International was formed and subsequently became a separate public company. Hyatt Corporation and Hyatt International Corporation were taken private by the Pritzker family business interests in 1979 and 1982, respectively. On December 31, 2004, substantially all of the hospitality assets owned by Pritzker family business interests, including Hyatt Corporation and Hyatt International Corporation, were consolidated under a single entity, now named Hyatt Hotels Corporation. Hyatt manages, owns, franchises and develops 434 properties around the world as of March 31, 2010. The Companys business is conducted by its employees and officers, under the direction of the President and Chief Executive Officer and the oversight of the Board of Directors to enhance the long-term value of the Company for its stockholders. The Board of Directors is elected by the stockholders to oversee management and to assure that the long-term interests of the stockholders are being served. The Board recognizes that the long-term interests of stockholders are advanced by taking into consideration, as appropriate, the concerns of other stakeholders, including associates, guests, property owners, suppliers, the public and members of the communities in which Hyatt Hotels Corporation operates. Hyatt Hotels Mission, Goals, Values Mission We provide authentic hospitality. We make a difference in the lives of those we touch everyday that is our definition of hospitality.   We do this in an environment that respects all people and all ideas.   We do it in an efficient way that leads to superior results.    Goals We aspire to be the preferred brand in each of the segments we servemost preferred among our:    Employees Guests Owners (both third party property owners as well as stockholders) Values Mutual Respect Listen well Verify Acknowledge Intellectual Honesty and Integrity Tell and accept the truth Honor your commitments Humility Let actions speak for themselves Recognize the contributions of others Fun Dont take yourself too seriously Creativity and Innovation Challenge conventional wisdom Take action/risks Evaluate METHOD As a corporate development trainee at the organization, I was involved in Human resources and Training departments of the hotel which gave me access to the policy manuals, Hyatt employee intranet and other resources. This has helped me gather the information mentioned below. Also, due to constant interaction with other employees of the organization from each department, I am able to analyze the mentioned data and discuss in detail, how the organization is faring and whether the strategy they have applied is beneficial to the performance of the company. Culture Hyatt, being a large organization maintains a basic culture although due to the size of the company and the number of employees globally, each division and hotel has developed a sub culture which defines the particular place. Hyatt believes that these sub cultures should be encouraged as long as they do not conflict with the companys basic culture. In an organization with the diversity and global presence as Hyatt, one can see both, a strong overall culture as well as the growth of powerful sub-cultures that reflect the large culture but are also different in important ways. (Schein, 2003) The word culture in Hyatt International Operations is used to refer to the personality of the organization and is formed by the combination of the following elements: Shared values (What we think is important) Beliefs (How we think things should be done) Norms (The way we do things around here) Role Models (The people who personify our corporate values) Systems (Our written and unwritten ground rules) The company has strong cultural characteristics and values that it abides by. These characteristics are based on the global presence of the company. They have six main cultural characteristics which are elaborated below. These elements determine the ways in which the organization and its people behave and solve business problems. The six key characteristics that describe the Hyatt culture are highlighted as follows: We are  innovative. Hyatt was the first hotel chain to start the atrium lobby concept in the world. They have always found alternate and smarter solutions to issues in the hospitality industry. They pride in the concept of being innovators of new trends in the industry. We work through  teams. Hyatt encourages an environment in which employees are made to work in teams to enhance performance. This also helps in increased motivation and employee satisfaction due to constant feedback from the team. We  care  for each other. Hyatt ensures that the employees are empathetic towards each others needs. They portray a picture of a family when speaking with their employees to nurture a caring attitude. We encourage  personal growth. Hyatt has numerous programs and training modules that allow fast track growth of employees. They have recognition programs for their employees and they ensure that the performance of each employee is tracked and monitored to keep employees motivated We are  multicultural. Hyatt has a presence across the globe which makes it important for the company to adapt and change according to different cultures. They ensure that there is no discrimination in terms of colour, ethnicity, religion or race. We are  customer focused. Hyatt ensures that they are focused towards the satisfaction of their external as well as internal customers. The policies of the organization keep the employees, guests as well as owners benefits in mind. These six characteristics are encouraged and rewarded throughout all aspects of Hyatts operations. They are introduced to new employees through an updated History of Hyatt presentation during the hotels Orientation Program. These cultural characteristics are communicated to all the employees of the organization so that they can reward behaviors which demonstrate them; and, hire people who will thrive in them. Preserving and communicating their culture in International Operations is critical to their continued growth and success. They can enhance the culture by rewarding the behaviors that support it, by recruiting new employees who can easily assimilate into their culture, and by demonstrating the characteristics in the day-to-day operations. From a more tactical perspective -, Hyatt makes it a point to reward behaviors that exemplify their culture such as teamwork, caring, and innovation.  This can be done through recognition programs such as HYachiever Awards, HYstar Awards, and others. They also incorporate it into their hiring processes to ensure that they are hiring people who will fit into the culture and who already share many of these characteristics. In their culture of inclusion, employees feel accepted for the individuals they are, regardless of their background, style, ideas, or beliefs. Hyatt continues to receive recognition as one of Americas best companies for our diverse population. An illustration of this culture is given below: For one week, every year, Hyatt comes together globally to Celebrate Our People by recognizing and acknowledging the most important asset to the company, their associates. This is also the perfect time to understand the differences of associates and understand the vast cultures represented in the company by pairing and celebrating with a sister hotel in another country. The culture of the organization if put in a model would be best described by Role Culture mentioned by Charles Handy in his book Understanding organizations. Role culture is successful in this organization as it is a very large company with many subsidiaries and units. All the hotels in the company are to be managed and operated according to one particular culture which makes it easy to have a flat, predictable system such as the Role culture. The hotel industry is based on predictions and planning which makes it a sensible decision to adapt to the role culture. Even though as mentioned by Mr. Handy, role cultures are slow when it comes to change, Hyatt manages change quite well as the communication, training and development is very efficiently handled. Role cultures offer security and predictability to the individual. They offer a predictable rate of climb up the pillar. They offer the chance to acquire specialist expertise without risk. They tend to reward the satisfier, the person concerned with doing his job up to the standard. The role culture is frustrating for an individual who is power oriented, or wants control over his or her work; who is eagerly ambitious or more interested in results than method. (Charles Handy, 1993) To overcome the predictability and non innovation that role culture brings about in the organization, Hyatt has a number of fast track development programs for employees that enable them to identify potential leaders and enroll them in these programs. The productivity of each employee is monitored carefully and regularly through performance development programs run by the individual department monitored by Human resources. The most important conclusion is that culture is a multifaceted, multidimensional phenomenon which is not easily reduced to a few major dimensions. Culture reflects the effort put in by the group to cope and learn, and is the residue of this learning process. Culture provides meaning, predictability and stability in the present and is also the result of effective decisions from the groups past. (Schein, 2003) MOTIVATION The hotel industry is a significant part of the tourism industry worldwide and its employees play a key role in delivering the service product to its customers. Excellent service provided by employees can create lasting positive experiences for customers. The individual motivational constructs of the hospitality employee play an important and perceivably a significant role in achieving high satisfaction among hotel customers. The motivation of employees, whether professional, skilled or unskilled, is a major issue in all service organizations. For the hotel industry, employee motivation is a major issue. It is a challenge for the management of the hotel industry to motivate employees to work with energy and efficiency due to odd hours and high stress situations One of the companys responsibilities is related to ensuring employees workplace motivation. Human resource managements function is to assist the company in keeping the employees satisfied with their jobs. If employees are not satisfied, they will not perform to expected norms. Workplace dissatisfaction and poor performance usually lead to high employee turnover in the hospitality industry, particularly in developed countries. According to a Hotel and Catering Training Company in the United Kingdom, turnover is the United Kingdom was estimated to have cost the hotel and catering industry 430 million pounds a year, and turnover was higher among men than women (Lucas, 1995). It was also reported that in order to reduce labor turnover and retain productive employees, management has to improve working conditions and keep the employees properly motivated. Human resource managers need to understand the motivational processes and human needs in different cultures. To understand employees needs, managers should understand key theories that help them learn the basic needs of people. Maslows theory is one of many theories that pointed out the basic sorts of needs. They are Physiological needs, Security needs, Belongingness needs, Esteem needs, and Self-actualization needs. The lower level needs must be satisfied before the next higher level. Another theory, Hertzbergs is based on two distinct sets of factors: hygiene factors such as pay, organizations, policies, working environment and motivating factors such as recognition, promotion, achievement and the intrinsic nature of the work. Hyatt has a number of various ways to keep their employees motivated. They follow the Herzbergs motivational theory with an adaptation of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Hyatt fulfills the Hygiene factors mentioned in the Hertzberg theory by providing the basic needs of efficient supervisory hierarchy, good working conditions, a transparent system of communication and interpersonal relations, a competitive salary along with benefits such a health insurance, provident fund and pension schemes. The companys Human Resource policies and administrative policies are also in place to ensure satisfied employees. Hyatts motivational factors in terms of the theory are also fulfilling. Their recognition programs are mentioned below in detail. In terms of the work itself, it is a challenging industry which involves a high amount of dedication and self motivation. The timings and high stress situations during peak seasons require on the spot decision making skills while being calm and composed for the client. The attrition rate in the industry is high due to these challenging factors. Hyatt tries to ensure that all their employees are motivated at all times although a weaker personality may not be able to handle the pressure which creates a situation where they do not last increasing the attrition rate of the industry itself. Recognition Programs the HYachievers, HYinnovators and HYstar Programs as well as the Service Awards are the minimum requirements that are implemented in every hotel. The Director of Human Resources is responsible for coordinating these programs and plays a pro-active role in supporting and developing new programs as appropriate for the hotel. All employee recognition programs are budgeted annually during the Business Plan process. HYstar Award: People making a difference The HYstar program has been developed to recognize the employees who continuously demonstrate Hyatt International Operations  Cultural  characteristics. The objectives of the HYstar recognition program are to reinforce the companys vision, mission and culture mentioned above. HYstar points are awarded individually to employees by various sources such as guest compliments, managers log, employee suggestions and exceptional performances. As an employee earns points in the program, they are able to utilize their points to redeem gifts at any point in time. Some examples of the types of gifts a hotel may offer are: Vouchers (i.e. food vouchers from a local grocery stores) Phone cards T-Shirts Bags Small gifts (Hyatt Logo gifts) Additional laundry entitlement Restaurant vouchers Hotel merchandise At the end of the calendar year, one  HYstar of the Year  will be awarded to the employee with the highest number of points over a one-year period. The following are examples of awards that could be presented to  HYstar of the Year: Airline ticket to a vacation destination Stay with full board at another Hyatt property Extra paid vacation to enjoy the above Some extra cash to enjoy shopping and vacation Hyatt also incorporates Maslows Hierarchy of needs to keep their employees motivated. They ensure that the Physiological and Safety needs are taken care of by providing a competitive salary including a meal a day and House rent Allowances, they have strict policies to ensure job safety in terms of termination policies and work environment as per local rules and regulations for health and safety. In order to fulfill the social, esteem and self actualization needs of their employees, they conduct an annual survey which has been formulated by an organization known as Gallup. This survey asks twelve simple questions and can review the satisfaction levels of the employees and departments of the hotels. This allows the company to know the challenges they are facing in terms of employee satisfaction and build strategies to overcome them. This survey is also used as a tool to evaluate individual hotels, and their departments in terms of levels of satisfaction which in turn affects the efficiency of the employees eventually affecting the performance of the company. The summarized results of the last two years are mentioned below as an overview of the performance of the company. In 2010, participation was strong and the 86% of Hyatt employees around the world filled the survey. The aim of conducting the survey is for the company to understand how to provide the best workplace in the hospitality industry. 1) Hyatt increased the population of employees who feel engaged by 11% in comparison to 2008/2009. 2) Over 16,000 action plans were prepared and executed in 2009. The results show that those who worked together to develop a plan and then saw it through to meaningful change were rewarded with the significant improvement in their teams engagement. Those who did not complete plans, or have meaningful discussions, saw their engagement levels remain flat or decline. 3) RECOGNITION and PROGRESS in the first half of 2010 showed the most overall improvement from 2008-2009. These were also the two items that most work groups selected in the action planning process. In 2010, Hyatt found that engaged employees are 11 times more likely to know what Hyatt stands for and what makes it different from competitors. Engaged employees are also 12 times more likely to be proud of Hyatts products and services, and 10 times more likely to recommend Hyatt to friends and family. Importance of the survey to Hyatt There is a clear and strong relationship between positive business outcomes and a workforce that identifies with organizational goals and demonstrates a strong, emotional commitment. Building and sustaining a positive experience at work for employees is important. This kind of accomplishment does not happen overnight and, once achieved, can vanish quickly if the support of engagement is not made a part of everyday lives. The feedback in 2010 will make it possible for Hyatt to focus on two or three areas in each department that will improve the work experience for the team members. Managers will be accountable for establishing meaningful action plans with the team to drive change. Information sessions are being scheduled to support action planning in individual departments and hotels with the goal of improving the employee experience at Hyatt. In addition, regular messages are posted on the employee portal that provides information on best practices that relate to creating preference in the workplace. Coaching The Hyatt Leadership Network (HLN) is an employee portal containing standardized training modules that have been developed for the employees. Each employee is enrolled in these modules according to their job description. The format of HLN is intended to provide resources that are easily accessible for learners and to support individual and business development needs.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Hyatt Leadership Network learning content is organized within four schools.   The School of General Studies  provides the fundamentals of learning for all employees.   The resources available support Hyatts mission, goals, and values by providing resources that build on Hyatts culture.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   The School of Hospitality  provides the operational standards of performance and includes the technical skills, service expectations, and systems knowledge required in daily hotel operations.   The School of Management  provides resources supporting management skills development for Hyatt employees that lead to superior results.   The Leadership Institute  provides formal and informal development opportunities designed for future leaders at Hyatt.     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Hyatt believes that personal growth is an important aspect of an employees Hyatt experience; the Hyatt Leadership Network is important for the company by helping the employees meet their individual development goals.   Apart from the above, each hotel has an individual training department that imparts regular training and development modules which are beneficial to the employees. The training managers are responsible for doing a training need analysis for the employees and enroll them in various programs for their development and growth. Training is used to improve knowledge and skills, and to change attitudes, it acts like an important potential motivator. There are many benefits of training to the employee as well as the organization: Employee confidence, motivation and commitment increases It provides recognition, enhances responsibility which may lead to increased pay and promotion It provides the employee with a sense of personal satisfaction and achievement which broadens opportunities for career progression Helps to improve the quality and availability of the employees. (Mullins, 2007) Below, is a table provided by Mullins in his book defining Training, and summarizing the training in an organization. This chart fits in with an organization like Hyatt due to its large size, skill requirements and situation handling needs in its employees. There is also a strong mentoring system in place. Each new employee is mentored by an experienced employee. This helps the new employees learn and understand the processes as well as provides them with a confidante who helps them fit in to the organization and imbibe the culture. Coaching is the process of helping employees improve performance and develop their capacity to perform well in the future. It is about changing behavior to make things better. Because the process of change is difficult and can provoke anxiety, people often resist it. The forces of inertia are strong, but effective coaching can surmount them. (Friedman, 2010) Hyatt Hotels encourage coaching with the help of the mentoring system, and a concept known as Hyatt on skill training. This training module is undergone by supervisors and above. Graduating this module enables employees to conduct training sessions for tasks. Training may be conducted within the department / team. A trainer is entitled to train three other employees at a time. This enables personalized coaching for employees which makes it easier for them to understand and work on day to day tasks thus increasing the productivity. Monitoring of employees performance is also easier and more effective making them more confident in their jobs. Summary and Conclusion After the above report on Hyatt Hotels Corporation, one can derive many conclusions about the company. Hyatt is a very large organization with a presence around the world and has been awarded many times for being a great company to work for. Some of their most recent awards are mentioned below: The Culture of Hyatt Taking into consideration, Mr. Charles Handys models of culture, Hyatt follows the Role culture model. This model is getting increasingly popular with large organizations as it works by logic and rationality. The internal business processes are controlled by A process and procedure for roles fixed job descriptions, definition of authority A process and procedure for communication fixed channels and tools of communication Rules for dispute settlements a process of appeal and thorough investigation. Hyatt portrays a strong corporate culture. Corporate culture may be defined as the sum total of the customs, traditions, values and meanings that make the company unique. Since the corporate culture is formulated by the senior management and founders of the organization, it is often termed as the character of the organization. (Montana P, 2008)   

Criticism of Pascals Wager Essays -- Religion, Does God Exist?

The proof for the existence of God is an issue that may never be resolved. It has caused division among families and friends, nations and society. The answer to the question â€Å"does God exist?† is almost an impossible one to give with certainty seeing that there is a variety of people, ideas, cultures and beliefs. So how does one know if one’s actions here on earth could have eternal consequences? What is, if any, a â€Å"safe bet† to make? Blaise Pascal was a 15th century philosopher and a mathematician who proposed the idea that although one cannot know for certain that God exists, one can make a â€Å"safe bet† that it is far better to believe in God than not to believe in God. This is not a proof for the existence of God but rather an idea that suggest that if there is a God, it is in the person’s benefit to believe rather to disbelieve because the odds are in favor of the believer. This gambler-like idea is better known as â€Å"Pascal†™s Wager† or â€Å"The Gambler’s Argument.† Nevertheless, this sort of play-the-ponies idea is not quite precise. Although Pascal’s Wager serves as a stepping-stone for non-believers, it is a rather vague, faithless and inaccurate argument. Pascal’s wager takes the position of a gambler. It says that it is far more logical to believe in God because the odds are in one’s favor. Pascal lays it down on a diagram like so: if one believes in God and lives a good, moral, and Christian life and in the end finds that God exists, that person has hit the jack-pot, if I may, gaining eternal life in the presence of God. At the same time, if the aforementioned person comes to the end of life and finds out that God does not exist, then that person really did not loose all that much. Sure probably missed a few parties, didn’t dr... ...ople to come back to Church and to believe in God but not out of self-interest. In order for the argument to accomplish this it must first be rewritten. It needs to define its terms (i.e. the use of the word God), it should not be based on chance or self-interest but rather to make known to the person that it is quite possible that God exists, and finally, it should include a fifth outcome where a person believes in God out of self-interest and is eternally damned anyway for lack of faith, love and for selfishness. Pascal’s Wager calls to mind a famous quote by Albert Camus: â€Å"I would rather live my life as if there is a God and die to find out there isn't, than live my life as if there isn't and die to find out there is.† Until Pascal’s argument is solid and fully developed, one should not adopt the argument as a mean for conversion, evangelization or lifestyle.

Virus Among the Navajo :: Native Americans Influenza Essays

Virus Among the Navajo Medical investigators, such as myself, have not given a great deal of attention to the "medical" traditions of indigenous groups in the past. But the outcomes of the recent investigation that took place in "The Four Corners" area exemplify our need to consider age-old notions right along with the ecological history of the region in question. A few months ago, the New Mexico Department of Health notified my department (Office of Medical Investigations) that three young and healthy adults from the Navajo Nation had died of a sudden respiratory illness. Their symptoms had been the similar: fever, chills, muscle aches, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain, followed by coughing and shortness of breath, then the abrupt onset of respiratory distress which is usually fatal (KCPH). Our first inclination was to look at diseases that are known to affect the Navajo specifically, such as bubonic plague, influenza, and viral pneumonia. However, laboratory results indicated that these disea ses had not caused the deaths, nor had toxic chemicals. Furthermore, the perplexing disease had begun to take the lives of non-Navajo people living near the reservation (AMNH). By the end of May the mysterious deaths had attracted significant media attention. I remember seeing the headline "Mystery Illness Kills 10 on Reservation" in the Sun-Sentinel while I was conducting interviews there. Without knowledge of a possible cause, our department, and several other agencies, began an intense investigation. Samples of tissue from patients infected with the mysterious disease were sent to the CDC Special Pathogens Branch for analysis. After a few weeks and several tests, the virologists linked the disease with an unknown type of hantavirus. Because other hantaviruses were known to be transmitted to people by inhalation or ingestion of rodent feces or urine, our next task was to collect as many species of rodent in the area as possible in order to pinpoint the source of the virus (AMNH). While trapping rodents, we decided that it was worth the risk to not wear protective clothing or masks so as to avoid alarming residents of "The Four Corners" region (CDC). After testing approximately 1,700 rodents we had found a link--the prevalent deer mouse carried the unknown type of hantavirus. But why was this mouse suddenly infecting people in this region? I was becoming frustrated, my years of work in medicine were failing me and I couldn't figure out why these people kept getting sick. Virus Among the Navajo :: Native Americans Influenza Essays Virus Among the Navajo Medical investigators, such as myself, have not given a great deal of attention to the "medical" traditions of indigenous groups in the past. But the outcomes of the recent investigation that took place in "The Four Corners" area exemplify our need to consider age-old notions right along with the ecological history of the region in question. A few months ago, the New Mexico Department of Health notified my department (Office of Medical Investigations) that three young and healthy adults from the Navajo Nation had died of a sudden respiratory illness. Their symptoms had been the similar: fever, chills, muscle aches, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain, followed by coughing and shortness of breath, then the abrupt onset of respiratory distress which is usually fatal (KCPH). Our first inclination was to look at diseases that are known to affect the Navajo specifically, such as bubonic plague, influenza, and viral pneumonia. However, laboratory results indicated that these disea ses had not caused the deaths, nor had toxic chemicals. Furthermore, the perplexing disease had begun to take the lives of non-Navajo people living near the reservation (AMNH). By the end of May the mysterious deaths had attracted significant media attention. I remember seeing the headline "Mystery Illness Kills 10 on Reservation" in the Sun-Sentinel while I was conducting interviews there. Without knowledge of a possible cause, our department, and several other agencies, began an intense investigation. Samples of tissue from patients infected with the mysterious disease were sent to the CDC Special Pathogens Branch for analysis. After a few weeks and several tests, the virologists linked the disease with an unknown type of hantavirus. Because other hantaviruses were known to be transmitted to people by inhalation or ingestion of rodent feces or urine, our next task was to collect as many species of rodent in the area as possible in order to pinpoint the source of the virus (AMNH). While trapping rodents, we decided that it was worth the risk to not wear protective clothing or masks so as to avoid alarming residents of "The Four Corners" region (CDC). After testing approximately 1,700 rodents we had found a link--the prevalent deer mouse carried the unknown type of hantavirus. But why was this mouse suddenly infecting people in this region? I was becoming frustrated, my years of work in medicine were failing me and I couldn't figure out why these people kept getting sick.

Employee Motivational Theories and Concepts Essay

Numerous theories on the subject of employee motivation have been developed and published for the better part of this century. While early employers thought of their workers as just another input into the production of goods and services (Lindner, 1998), employees were becoming increasingly dissatisfied with working conditions and malevolent management. As post-war, labor tensions mounted in the 1920s, employers needed to change their approach to employee relations if they were to avoid costly, and sometimes violent, labor strikes. Early motivational theories set the foundation for the development of 20th century concepts, including the move to get â€Å"Googled† and motivational techniques based on business strengths found in the corporate toolbox. Early Motivational Theories George Elton Mayo, an Australian-born psychologist and Harvard Professor, began significant research in 1927 in an attempt to demonstrate that employees, if appropriately motivated, are more productive and can achieve greater return through appropriate human relationship management techniques (Trahair & Zaleznik, 2005). This research, referred to as the â€Å"Hawthorne Studies,† found that employees are not only motivated by financial gain, but also by the behavior and attitude of their supervisors. During these studies, the employees responded positively to the mere fact that they were receiving attention from their supervisor as a result of the experiment. In his article, Gordon Marshall (1998) noted that â€Å"the term ‘Hawthorne effect’ is now widely used to refer to the behavior-modifying effects of being the subject of social investigation, regardless of the context of the investigation. More generally, the researchers concluded that supervisory style greatly affected worker productivity† (para. 1) and that â€Å"enhanced productivity therefore depends on management sensitivity to, and manipulation of, the ‘human relations’ of production† (para. 2). This represented a dramatic paradigm shift for employers and theorists alike. Subsequent to the conclusion of the infamous Hawthorne Studies, five primary motivational theories have developed that have increased the understanding of what truly motivates employees. They are Maslow’s need-hierarchy, Hertzberg’s two-factor system, Vroom’s expectancy theory, Adam’s equity theory, and Skinner’s reinforcement theory. Maslow identified that employees, in general, have five primary levels of needs that include psychological (e.g. air, food, shelter), safety (e.g. security, order, stability), belongingness (e.g. love, family, relationships), esteem (e.g. achievement, status, responsibility), and self-actualization (McLeod, 2007). Maslow further noted that, in order to provide motivation, the lower levels would need to be satisfied before one progressed to the higher levels. Hertzberg classified motivation into two, distinct factors. He believed that intrinsic factors (or motivators) produce job satisfaction through achievement and recognition while extrinsic (or hygiene) factors produce dissatisfaction. He identified extrinsic factors to be associated with compensation and perceived job security, or lack thereof. Vroom theorized that demonstrated effort would lead to performance which, in turn, would lead to reward (either positive or negative). The more positive the reward the more highly motivated the employee would be. To the contrary, negative rewards would result in a lesser motivated employee. Adams found that employees want to ensure that there is a sense of fairness and equity between themselves and their co-workers. He believed that equity is achieved when employees are contributing, in terms of input and output, at the same rate. Skinner’s theory was likely the most simplistic, He established that employees will repeat behaviors that lead to positive outcomes and eliminate or minimize behaviors that lead to negative outcomes. He conceived that, if managers positively reinforce desired behavior, it would lead to positive outcomes and that managers should negatively reinforce employee behavior that leads to negative outcomes (Lindner, 1998). James R. Lindner, Professor of Management and Research at Ohio State University, has conducted extensive research on this topic. In his paper â€Å"Understanding Employee Motivation,† he further extrapolated on the five theories, providing a comparative analysis, and offering a summary definition that focuses on the psychological process and â€Å"inner force† associated with the accomplishment of personal and organizational goals (Lindner, 1998). 20th Century Concepts In addition to studying popular theories associated with employee motivation, Lindner (1998) includes the methodology and outcomes of an independent study, conducted at Ohio State University, that sought to rank the importance of ten motivating factors. The results of this study were compelling; with â€Å"interesting work† ranking as number one over other more commonly identified motivators, such as wages and job security. In comparing these results with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, among others, he found that the results are mixed, with the highest ranked factor (interesting work) being one of self-actualization and contrary to Maslow’s findings (Lindner, 1998). This presents a divergent result that challenges Maslow’s assumption that the lower needs must be satisfied before a person can achieve their potential and self-actualize (McLeod, 2007, para.16). This does not negate Maslow’s work, but rather demonstrates that a natural evolution may have taken place with the modern workforce due to the progression of motivation strategies. This is a credit to the work of early theorists, and a call to arms for those that continue this research. Get Googled But history has yet to definitively answer the question, â€Å"what is the best method(s) to motivate employees?† The imprecise answer continues to be: it depends. Many successful organizations incorporate a variety of programs aimed at motivating their employees, based on their specific population. Google Inc., for example, is leading the way to restructure management so that employees can streamline creative ideas that produce blockbuster new products. They are rewarding employees with perks like onsite swimming pools, allowing employees to bring their pets to work, providing onsite child care, and all the free food employees want (â€Å"How Google Inc. Rewards Its Employees,† 2010, Thinking Leaders, para.1). While this may not be realistic for every organization, there is something to be said about the fact that Google, Inc. is consistently ranked by Fortune magazine as the best place in the U.S. to work. However there are things that a company can do to motivate their employees that are low or no cost and likely already exist in their corporate toolbox. The Corporate Toolbox Most successful organizations pride themselves on their ability to promote their product or service to achieve the desired level of profitability. They develop strategic plans, set production goals and persuade their customers that they are best of the best in their field. They are advertisers and peddlers of wares. So what does this have to do with motivation? Robert Hershey, Director of James E. Rogers College of Law at the University of Arizona and contributing author to the Journal of Managerial Psychology, contends that there is a significant correlation between an organization’s ability to successfully promote their business and thrive at motivating their employees. He notes that â€Å"we do not need one more theory of motivation; we need better insight into the psychology of advertising. We can take some tried-and-true product advertising techniques that have been found to be effective and use them in a human resources and management context. But before we do that, the point must be made that, as a practical matter, our vocabulary and attention require a shift from the motivation jargon of needs, expectancy, two-factor theories, etc., to an emphasis on communications practices, because persuasion requires the transmission of information† (Hershey, 1993). If Hershey is correct, then an emphasis on communication and inclusion would create an environment ripe for employee motivation. One could also argue that, if communication is key, allowing input and empowered decision making is the next logical step to producing a motivated employee. Carolyn Wiley, Professor of Business at Roosevelt University, concurs with this notion and provides the following supporting statements in her article â€Å"Creating an Environment for Employee Motivation†: When employees have an opportunity to provide input, this increases their survival rate and their sense of commitment. In many very small companies, a natural sense of owners hip often develops among the employees. However, as companies grow, feelings of ownership and commitment start to decline. To increase commitment as the organization grows, managers must change how they define who retains control. Shared decision making is essential both to company success and employee survival. Workers generally do not resist their own ideas and decisions. Rather, they are motivated to fulfill them. (Wiley, 1992, para.14) While this may seem threatening to traditional leaders, it should not be viewed as surrendering control. Employees that are empowered through inclusion are ambassadors for organizational success. It is only through mutual success that both the employee and company thrive. It seems so simple, but eludes even the most progressive of companies. Most organizations are more inclined to spend thousands of dollars creating recognition programs, building home office environments, developing bonus structures and hosting employee appreciation events rather than recognizing that most employees are merely looking to be valued. The same attention that motivated the Hawthorne workers applies to the modern employee who just wants to contribute and receive credit for their effort. Conclusion There is certainly compelling evidence to indicate that employee motivation comes in many forms. Whether one places their belief in the theoretical assumptions of a Maslow or Hertzberg, their financial backing in the creation of a Google-esque environment, or capitalize on their organizational strengths to communicate and persuade, there is clear agreement that the ability to successfully motivate employees is essential for corporate success and sustainability. The concept of positive human relation management has finally taken its place at the forefront of organizational strategies and, with it, the evolution of employee motivation. References Trahair, R. & Zaleznik, A. (2005). Elton Mayo: The Humanist Temper. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers Marshall, G. (1998). A Dictionary of Sociology; Hawthorne Studies. Retrieved from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-Hawthornestudies.html Lindner, James R. (1998). Journal of Extension; Understanding Employee Motivation. Retrieved from http://www.joe.org/joe/1998june/rb3.php McLeod, S. A. (2007). Simply Psychology; Maslow Hierarchy of Needs. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html How Google Inc. rewards its employees. (2010). Retrieved from Thinking Leaders website: http://www.thinkingleaders.com/archives/517 Hershey, R. (1993). A practitioner’s view of motivation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 8(3), 10-10. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.arbor.edu:80/login?url=http://search.proquest. com/docview/ 215865845?accountid=13998 Wiley, C. (1992). Create an environment for employee motivation. HR Focus, 69(6), 14-14. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.arbor.edu:80/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/ docview/206781828?ac countid=13998

Deviance, Labeling Theory, Secondary Labeling and their Effects On Society

Deviance can be defined as anything that fl stunneds affectionate norms and values. As an example we can take the ex Commandments, that other than being a phantasmal document is also a curing of regulations to assist in creating a easygoing social climate for both plenty in a social environment. unsub divided laws much(prenominal) as not to steal, locate adultery, murder or abuse, be go by in position to make authorized that all involved be defend from possible harm. When integrity individual decides to operate these regulations the balance is out of kilter.In this es aver we impart define and explain the terms deviance, standby deviance and labeling theory and attempt to moderate their importance and effects within a social stratum. Deviance is, as mentioned above, a conscious disregard for the norms and values specifically designed to protect the exoteric. Deviance is a good deal seen in terms of juvenile delinquents who by means of deliberate or labored act ion break the laws that protect the globe or community. Deviance takes its sort in a number of ways that be socially relevant such as drug abuse, foray, murder, theft and armed robbery.The amaze of labeling theory, Howard Becker intrustd, however, that sufficient reclamation of said sorrys leads to both(prenominal) other set of problems altogether. Being a wretched becomes a aroundbodys master status. It controls the way they are identified in cosmos. Others do not consider their other statuses that of spouse, parent, or worker further that they are first base and firstly a reprehensible. In this instance, as Becker believes the individuality of the somebody becomes that of a criminal instantaneously afterward they are found immoral and become a criminal record.The psyche therefore undergoes an identity change and a moral crisis. The concept of self becomes divided by the Me and I being shifted from an interconnected whole, to two very different people. integrity person is the inherent good and one is the public bad, yet they are the same person. If one looks at crimes such as cluster violence, one sees a specific stigma, one of charge by the public and another of status by those involved. The necessitate to belong becomes greater than the need to be right. Those that grow up without an hard-hitting social purpose (ie.Those that do not guard parents or grow up in inefficient parental guidance) calculate for meaning elsewhere. Those that are not seen as acceptable by their general environment will almost certainly adjust acceptance in a gang or crime syndicate. This is because it grants them some leg of importance and power. These individuals derive power out of others fear. In terms of other abuses of status, rape is a particularly devastating form of deviance where debate surrounding public labelling can be touchy to say the least.A crime of this nature, regardless of the age of the perpetrator is one that is on the increa se today. Theoretically, arbitrator should seek to curb violent and degenerate behavior, but as Becker believes, it often undermines the rehabilitation lick because once the individual has been labeled as a criminal they operate to be seen as such years after the punishment has been served and inhibits their ability to make water a decent, respectable income once they have left prison. It makes sense that when a convicted criminal applies for a job after they have served their sentence, the label of criminal is already recorded.Naturally, the likely employer is dubious as to whether to employ them or not. In relationships too, it becomes difficult for a spouse, supporter or family member to trust the person again, leaving the convict alone and jobless. there is an immediate loss of self esteem, social concept, self-concept and value to nightclub. Becker and his fellow symbolic interactionists believe that this is a self-fulfilling prophecy which is nearly undoable to bre ak. More importantly, is the consequence of this labelling.As an example, we could use 11 September 2001, otherwise know general as Ground Zero, to illustrate a social problem such as labelling is responsible for. After the Twin Towers bombing, it became known that the perpetrators were Muslim fundamentalists and possible al-Qaida insurgents. Once this became known, Muslim mean were searched at airports and appeared to be discriminated against by general public. This is neither partys fault in the end, as fear is a defence mechanism that the public drew up in tack together to protect themselves from further threat.Also presumable though, is that not all Muslims are potential big money murders or are genocidal. The same becomes apparent on another macro-level with the Germans and Adlof Hitler. That not every(prenominal) German is a Nazi may momentarily have escape some families of victims. The real problem, however with labelling of deviants, is that since they are ineffectual (p) to regain social status and futile acquire employment, they are forced spur into deviant deportment. This is termed secondary deviance. The self-fulfilling prophecy as mentioned before becomes apparent.With no job or social support, theft seems to be the first port of call in order to survive. In order to do this, the person may be forced to yoke another gang and the snowball starts to roll. It is extremely difficult to re-integrate a criminal with a record back into society, so where does the event lie. If it were possible to change the attitudes of the general public, it could be the difference between an integrated society and a dysfunctional one. Unfortunately, there is no guarantee that the individual will deal to keep their name clear after they are released.In conclusion it can be seen that deviance, secondary deviance and labelling are all integral parts of societal functioning, but dont necessarily government issue any solution to the growing thin out of devian t behaviour among juvenile delinquents. The process remains as follows due to some fate of upbringing the person in initiated into a deviant form of behaviour they are labelled delinquents, criminals and rehabilitants they are unable to change their status due to criminal record, so they revert to deviant behaviour in order to survive. It would seem that the only appropriate solution or be restored for this deviant culture, lies in the upbringing.

Crime in Brave New World: What Constitutes Crime?

The novel Brave bare-ass sphere by Aldous Huxley was a satirical keep back that criticized human trends and created, gibe to the present course of human beatment, an ideal federation, where everyone belongs to a particular social flesh which they atomic number 18 otiose to escape.In this regulated society, certain aspects of life be con steadred sinful, and regarded as disgust, and are forbidden from even being brought up in social settings. But one of Huxleys most serious crimes in his novel is that of family loyalty. The Utopia and its PoliciesThe scenario exposit in the book was that of a utopia, plainly it was just so in that everyone adhered strictly to certain policies. in that location was little license, or room for rebellion or even modest social exploration in this scenario, as much(prenominal) engagements could quarrel the offer, which endeavored to keep everything in part. This meant to appease the take, everyone would shed perish a bland life wit h little social freedom and hardly slightly(prenominal) civil liberties, and they were to perform the duty the take had given them.The future society, which in this book takes place in London during the year 2540 AD, is built approximately certain ideals which are be time and over again by the conformation of raft to the ideology created. nuisance as Something that Contradicts demesne Informal crime is represented by whateverthing that goes against the ideals of the society.The society is The World State, where everything is sedate and coordinated, so long as everyone follows their given life directions (which are actu each(prenominal)y more like instructions, or restrictions on anything other than what each was intended to do).The farming is stable as everyone works in accord with it, but doing so means that everyone must realize canonical social restrictions, which, in the actual world, would often be privileges. Conformity and tacit and constantly expressed concur to this society are imperative parts of its existence, as it draws from every person within it.The World States Conformity Requirement, and Assembly Line anatomical structure The World State uses a definite mannikin system, and from young ages, children are taught to except the given class they were born into, as it was best for them.In the novel, the year the book takes place in is the year of our interbreeding, 632, which is taken from the Ford motor company and its assembly railway line proficiency. This technique is applied to the public in The World State, as everyone is supposed to do their part, and not doing so, or exploring any alternatives to someones given and directed course of life represents that persons committing a crime. Anything that could challenge conformity, or this assembly line lifestyle is crime in this society.Sexual exploration, or even talk of such taboos as pregnancy and drugs are examples of crimes, as they are mentally stimulating, which seems to be the basic component of all crime. But the biggest crime might be love to family. Families inevitably create loyalty.This takes the loyalty of the individual to the state away, and gives it to other individuals. Alliance is wrong, because alliance represents loyalty to some entity other than the state, which only exists by collecting everyones undisputed loyalty.Savages Those who Manage to Break off or Avoid the Restrictive State Wanted to rich person a look at the savages. Got a appropriate for bare-ass Mexico and went there for my summer holiday. With the girl I was having at the moment. She was a Beta-Minus, and I think (he fold his eyes), I think she had yellow hair.Anyhow she was pneumatic, particularly pneumatic I remember that, Huxleys director express at one point, illuminating the fact that mickle who have and exercise free will, and do as they please by living outside of the Utopia, are savages (chapter six section two).At the same time as he is explaining his tr ip to the savage reservation, he is designating aspects of The World State, as the girl he is describing was not in truth he daughter, but only implemented by the state to be so. She was predestined to follow his line of life.Instead of natural pregnancy, citizens of the utopia use pregnancy substitutes, which are aesculapian procedures that impregnate women without the assistance of men. The closest thing to any riddle of rebellion citizens of The World State have access to is the drug soma, which intoxicates in a sort of technical way.There are no dangerous side effects, and this makes it somehow conform with the ideal society. Breaking Away from and Taking from the Brainwashing Society The Ultimate evil Because the society described in Brave New World is one where societal brainwashing (usually exercised by sleep education, or hypnopaedia) is commonplace, people believe that the state is best for them. Alternatives to the state are therefore unremarkably discouraged, although education can ultimately allow freedom from this restricting society, and allow people to enjoy aspects of the peaceful life of savages.Education for freedom must obtain by stating facts and enunciating values, and must go on to develop appropriate techniques for realizing the values and for combating those who, for whatever reason, choose to force out the facts or deny the values, Huxley wrote in Brave New World Revisited, in chapter eleven (1958). But because the society taught the same values to everyone according to their class, education beyond those values was considered an act of rebellion, and was therefore deemed criminal.Such education allowed for people to recognize, and possibly embrace loyalties to entities other than The World State, which would lead to the destruction of the state. And even basic loyalties, such as those amongst families or friends, took some of every individuals allegiance to the state, which, in Brave New World, constitute the most serious of cr imes, discouraged by the state by expulsion from a not so perfect utopia.BibliographyHuxley, Aldous. Brave New World. New York harper & Brothers, 1946. Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World Revisited. New York.